點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入“2010美國(guó)景觀設(shè)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)（ASLA）專業(yè)獎(jiǎng)”專題

To meet our client’s goal of creating the first full service Cradle to Cradle development in the

Netherlands, WM+P is designing an inspirational environment that stimulates the creativity and

effectiveness of employees by creating safe and healthy places for work and recreation.
Responding to its unique cultural, environmental and contextual challenges, the Park 20|20 master

plan creates a mixed-use development that synthesizes the issues of access and mobility,

connectivity, passive design, and integrated energy, water and waste management systems. The site,

adjacent to Schiphol Airport, provides easy access to the region and beyond through air, rail, bus,

and bicycle routes. Green zones, urban plazas, public gardens and canal boardwalks within Park

20|20 encourage a connection to the larger community. Each building’s size and massing is

optimized for solar orientation so that these exterior green spaces and the building interiors are

flooded with daylight. A model of holistic, closed-loop design, Park 20|20 will function as a

dynamic environmental system that enhances the local community, its ecosystem and its economy.

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“Truly a beautifully executed study, which integrates many programmatic uses with Bold gestures of

design, and responds to all aspects of sustainability, sensitive site planning, and cultural

integration.  ”
—2010 Professional Awards Jury

 

Application of Sustainability
Park 20/20 is a new model of sustainable development, conceived as the first large-scale urban

development in the Netherlands to implement the Cradle to Cradle (C2C) design philosophy. Located

within a man-made "cultural landscape" of a Dutch polder (land reclaimed from the seas), the

planning concepts promote regenerative design agenda of C2C philosophy at all scales, from regional

ecological connectivity to enhanced landscape biodiversity, and from workplace health and well-

being to neighborhood connectivity. Integrated within the urban plan are highly effective district

waste, energy and water system that eliminate wastefulness throughout the complex.
 

 

Planning goals and objectives
Goals and objectives address each prong of sustainability:
• Social—respond sensitivity to the unique Dutch "cultural landscape," enhance connectivity with

adjacent community, provide mixed-use amenities to adjacent community, create a healthy workplace

environment, and reduce regional traffic congestion through transit-oriented development
• Environmental—mitigate climate change through renewably sourced and passive energy strategies,

create cradle to cradle cycles that promote health and eliminate waste, and enhance biodiversity

and regional ecological connectivity
• Economic—increase economic viability of area, attract and retain workforce, extend life cycle of

the buildings, create marketplace distinction, and promote a development of viable size and density

to allow integrated district-scaled infrastructure.
 

 

Key environmental data collected/analyzed and method:
• Solar path diagram—mapping path of the sun through the day and year to determine optimal solar

orientation for passive energy strategies and to optimize solar access across site during the

winter month.
• Wind rose diagram—to determine the prevailing breeze for site and building ventilation

strategies and winter winds for protection strategies in winter.
• Local and regional ecological network—to optimize linkage of site landscape.
• Polder water management—to understand site design impacts of unique Dutch canal system,

flooding, water level stabilization, etc.
• Dutch environmental policy—highlighting lack of biodiversity as the most significant

environmental threat followed by sea-level rise due to climate change.
 

 

Key social data were collected/analyzed and method:
• Historic and cultural context of the unique Dutch polder and cultural landscape—to understand

application of the "polder grammatical" (elements of the landscape).
• Regional and local planning documents—to understand context and requirements.
• Character and land use of the adjacent community—to optimize connectivity.
• Mobility and access—to establish range of walkable distances to nearby transit stations.
• Proximity of Schiphol International Airport—for restrictions due to flight path and noise.
• New models for enhanced workplace environment—for development programming.
 

 

Consideration of master planning options and design process
A collaborative effort by planners, landscape architects and architects developed conceptual

planning alternatives to explore relationship of several key planning informants:
• Integration of optimum solar and wind orientation (to reduce energy demand) for building within

the context of the tight urban block and the development program requirements by adjusting the

building massing to ensure solar access in winter.
• Integration of regenerative landscape strategies respectful of the "cultural landscape" and the

distinct planning template of the "polder grammatical" (narrow lots and orthogonal roads,

vegetation, and canals) by: introducing a more ecologically diverse plant palette, using the

landscape standards in exterior planting and creating a more biologically robust interior gardens,

connecting the interior gardens to regional ecology with landscape corridors, creating additional

landscape area on roofs surfaces and parking decks.
• Implementation of effective district-scaled sustainable infrastructure approaches by aligning

scale and types of land uses (i.e., hotel demand for hot water with office wastewater treatment

output of biogas fuel for heating) and creating a centralized treatment facility for wastewater,

energy and stormwater on site.
• Implementation of C2C agenda of waste-free design by treating wastewater on site, capturing

energy and soil amendments, and eliminating sewage discharge.
 

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How interested parties were involved in the project
The master planning process involved consultation with municipality planners to ensure that Park

20/20 respected the regional and municipal master plans. Community interests were represented in

the review and approval process, including policy and technical review by appropriate Aldermen and

the City Council.
 

 

How the project was or would be implemented
Park 20/20 master plan received unanimous approval by the City Council of Beukenhorst in June 2009.

Site and architectural design of Phase I (two buildings) commenced in Fall 2009 and is utilizing

C2C protocol for material specification. Construction on the first building will begin in March

2010.
 

 

How project is or will be administered and or monitored
Park 20/20 is being developed by a private development company. Regional and national government

entities are involved in economic development aspects as it seen as a showcase of cradle to cradle

design and a new benchmark for regional development. Both sustainability and cradle to cradle

commitments are terms of the contract between the developer and the government.

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 “研究做得做得非常漂亮，集成運(yùn)用了許多大膽的設(shè)計(jì)手法，并兼顧可持續(xù)發(fā)展，敏感的場(chǎng)地規(guī)劃，文化整合等各個(gè)方面。”
　　-2010專業(yè)獎(jiǎng)評(píng)審委員會(huì)

 

　20/20公園位于荷蘭，在一塊填海地上，是一個(gè)可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展的新模式。規(guī)劃理念促進(jìn)各尺度上：從“搖籃到搖籃”理念的再生性設(shè)計(jì)，從區(qū)域性生態(tài)連通性到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的生物多樣性；從工作場(chǎng)所的健康與福利到鄰里的通達(dá)性。將高效的地區(qū)性垃圾處理系統(tǒng)、能源供應(yīng)和水系統(tǒng)整合處理，消除了各種各樣的浪費(fèi)。

 

各個(gè)方面的可持續(xù)性要點(diǎn)：
O社會(huì)：獨(dú)具特色的“荷蘭文化景觀”，嘉慶鄰里聯(lián)系，提供綜合性設(shè)施，營(yíng)造健康工作環(huán)境，并減少交通擁擠現(xiàn)象。
O環(huán)境：通過可再生能源和被動(dòng)式策略應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，創(chuàng)造搖籃到搖籃（周而復(fù)始）周期，促進(jìn)健康，杜絕浪費(fèi)，加強(qiáng)生物多樣性和區(qū)域生態(tài)連接。
O經(jīng)濟(jì)：提高地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)活力，留住人員，延長(zhǎng)建筑壽命，創(chuàng)造多樣性市場(chǎng)，促進(jìn)具有密度的發(fā)展規(guī)模，集中布置基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

重要的環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)收集，分析及方法
O 觀測(cè)太陽路徑，確定最佳被動(dòng)式能源戰(zhàn)略，優(yōu)化整個(gè)場(chǎng)地布局，使冬季太陽也能到達(dá)。
O 根據(jù)風(fēng)玫瑰圖確定場(chǎng)地建筑的關(guān)系，保證良好通風(fēng)，并避免冬季盛行風(fēng)。
O 優(yōu)化并聯(lián)系區(qū)域與社區(qū)的生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
O 了解荷蘭的運(yùn)河系統(tǒng)，最高水位線，常水線，進(jìn)行水管理，并影響到場(chǎng)地設(shè)計(jì)。
O 海平面上升之后的對(duì)策研究（荷蘭必須面對(duì)的環(huán)境），以及氣候變化威脅生物多樣性的對(duì)策研究。

重要的社會(huì)數(shù)據(jù)收集，分析和方法：
O 了解荷蘭獨(dú)特的圩田（圍海造的低田）的歷史和背景，應(yīng)運(yùn)用在景觀元素中。
O 了解區(qū)域和地方規(guī)劃文件。
O 了解鄰里和社區(qū)的土地使用特征，以便優(yōu)化聯(lián)系。
O 在適宜的步行范圍內(nèi)設(shè)定交通中轉(zhuǎn)站。
O 因?yàn)榕R近 Schiphol國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)，由于航班的造成的噪音和干擾。
O 在發(fā)展規(guī)劃下指定適宜的新工作模式適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。

方案及設(shè)計(jì)過程：
這是一個(gè)由規(guī)劃師，景觀師，建筑師通力合作的概念規(guī)劃方案，探討了幾個(gè)主要的關(guān)系：
O 整合優(yōu)化太陽能和風(fēng)能（為了減低能耗）：調(diào)節(jié)建筑布局使其緊密，具有效率。群體能夠獲得更多的太陽能，并且人們?cè)诙疽材軌颢@得足夠陽光。
O 再生景觀戰(zhàn)略：尊重文化景觀，實(shí)行獨(dú)特的“圩田語法”，引入多樣植物，在綠化外緣使用（景觀）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)植物，在內(nèi)部創(chuàng)造一個(gè)復(fù)合性生態(tài)花園。創(chuàng)造地域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，并用生態(tài)廊道將其與其它生態(tài)斑塊聯(lián)系，在停車場(chǎng)和屋頂創(chuàng)造出更多的綠化面。
O 有效的可持續(xù)性地區(qū)規(guī)?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施：調(diào)整土地用途與規(guī)模，將辦公產(chǎn)生的廢物能量用于賓館加熱水系統(tǒng)，中央水處理系統(tǒng)處理污水，暴雨。
O C2C計(jì)劃執(zhí)行：在場(chǎng)地上消化污水，使用其能量，取有效部分改良土壤，消除污水排放。

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1 Park 20/20 advances a new model of sustainable urbanism by incorporating Cradle to Cradle design

philosophy and integrated site systems concepts at the earliest stages of planning mixed-use

transit-oriented development in the Schiphol International Airport development zone.
 

 

Park 20/20可持續(xù)城市，是一個(gè)臨近Schiphol國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)的綜合性區(qū)域，因其納入“搖籃到搖籃”的規(guī)劃理念而成為新典范。

 

 

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2 Historic Context Dutch Polder Landscape. The site is located in a polder (land reclaimed from

sea) with distinct grain of preindustrial era parcelization. This iconic man-made environment is

revered as Netherlands' "cultural landscape" yet modern-day polders are challenged by limited

biodiversity and rising sea level.
 

 

荷蘭圩田歷史文化景觀。圖上為不同時(shí)期的場(chǎng)地變化。這種人造環(huán)境屬于荷蘭的文化景觀，但是受到了有限的生物多樣性制約及海平面上升所帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。

 

 

 

3 Planning Context Beukenhorst Zuid Master Plan. Park 20/20 integrates the regional "polder

grammatical" of orthogonal roads, vegetation, and canals within a larger development area than

typical (narrow lot and rational parcelization) to create an economic case for district-scaled

infrastructure and other sustainable design strategies.
 

 

場(chǎng)地位置，一個(gè)道路和運(yùn)河正交圍合出來的大面積四方用地，需建立一個(gè)地區(qū)性規(guī)模的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)和可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)戰(zhàn)略。

 

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4 Site Analysis Ecological Integration and Connectivity. In agricultural use for centuries, the

site has limited vegetation, habitat or biodiversity. The master plan reconnects the site—and the

adjacent community—to a more ecologically robust and diverse regional network of parks, greenways,

canals and remnant wetlands.
 

 

場(chǎng)地的生態(tài)整合和聯(lián)系。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來作為農(nóng)業(yè)用地，場(chǎng)地上的植被和棲息地，生物多樣性很有限。總體規(guī)劃將場(chǎng)地與鄰近社區(qū)的綠道，運(yùn)河，濕地聯(lián)系起來形成一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的，多樣化的生態(tài)公園。

 

 

 

 

5 Site Analysis Mobility and Access. The site is adjacent to existing high-capacity bus and rail

stops. To promote transit use, pedestrian circulation provides access to stations east and west of

the site. The massing and open-space plan reinforces the connection.
 

 

場(chǎng)地交通分析：場(chǎng)地鄰近現(xiàn)狀繁忙公共汽車和鐵路，為了促進(jìn)使用，在東西兩側(cè)設(shè)立了粘連，加強(qiáng)了場(chǎng)地與交通站聯(lián)系。