solutions. There was lot of information and it was filtered to make it comprehensible. Resourceful, creative, and

 implementable. Very intelligent. It can be compared to so many terrible transit studies to raise the bar. The design

 investigations are resource effective and inventive. The drawings look simple, yet are very hard to derive. We hope

 this does get implemented. This is very relevant to urban aspects for cities that have lost populations. This capitalizes

on the infrastructure that cities offer.To increase the density of Philadelphia is important. You have to dream.”
—2010 Professional Awards Jury

 

Although Philadelphia's transit system is the nation's fifth largest, many stations are underutilized and physically

disconnected from nearby neighborhoods. The TRID Master Plan was a pioneering effort combining extensive

 research, public involvement and design to address the barriers to transit-oriented development and create a more

sustainable city. Proposed urban landscape improvements serve as the essential vehicle for establishing a renewed

community interface with two rail stations, as well as providing new opportunities for community greening initiatives.

 

Introduction

Since the expansion of the nation's highway system, public transit has often been relegated to the margins of policy,

funding and design. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is a national movement focused on encouraging growth

and development in a way that leverages the value of local transit. It builds on the fact that those living around transit

 stations are five times more likely to use transit. The many benefits, including fewer cars on the road, a greater use

of transit, and an improved environment, are integral to the process of adapting cities to sustainable systems.

Despite an impressive level of transit service, Philadelphia's real estate market has failed to capitalize upon the benefits

of public transit infrastructure and proximity. Many stations are surrounded by vacancy, parking lots or former industrial

uses which create physical discontinuities between the transit stop and the nearby neighborhood fabric. The TRID

 Master Plan reimagines the underutilized pockets of land as major opportunity sites for denser development with a

high level of transit access.

The TRID Master Plan examined two existing transit stations that sit at the nexus between deteriorated,

poverty-stricken communities and communities experiencing growth and investment. The plan's objectives include:
Elevating the role of transportation in achieving Philadelphia's sustainability goals;
Discouraging driving by promoting transit use and enhancing pedestrian and bicycle-oriented infrastructure
Re-purposing outdated infrastructure for new uses;
Creating new and enhanced connections between the stations and local destinations;
Developing a phased approach to physically rebuilding the fabric around each station, incorporating higher densities

and new park space.
Research and Analysis
 

The TRID Master Plan examined two distinct neighborhoods, each served by a prominent transit node in SEPTA's

 Philadelphia-based transit system: the 46th Street Station on Market Street in West Philadelphia and the Temple

Regional Rail Station located at 9th and Berks streets in North Philadelphia.

The planning process was designed to develop a collective vision for the future of both station areas—a vision grounded

 in the intimate knowledge of place shared by those who contribute to its public realm. The research strategy struck a

careful balance between quantitative and qualitative, with an emphasis on primary data sources so as to accurately

 read the pulse of each community, its personality and flow. The team developed a comprehensive GIS database for

a 1/2-mile area around each station including demographic indicators and assessed values to determine the potential

economic impact of local investment. This database was expanded by analyzing information collected through direct

observation including a property and business survey, tree survey, a detailed inventory of sidewalk conditions, car

counts, and traffic and pedestrian movement pattern analyses.

Qualitatively, the team documented invaluable personal narratives by utilizing various forums for direct interaction with

 community members, collecting anecdotes, memories, and interviews. Public meetings, interviews, focus group

 discussions allowed the people and place to craft the story of each station, a collective effort yielding place-specific

responses.

Design Strategies
In each neighborhood, the fabric around the station has deteriorated to such a degree that the public perception of each

place plays a significant role in limiting the marketability and potential of transit oriented development nearby. Given this

context, a design approach requires a reassertion of the station's central role in each community and its potential to

contribute to the public realm rather than impose upon it. Proposed open spaces, enhanced street design and new

programming are the essential elements in fostering an incremental retrofit that builds on the unique characteristics

of the place. That retrofit seeks to establish a new interface between the station and the context, providing a conduit and

focus for community greening initiatives, and, ultimately, leveraging private investment in transit-oriented development.

Primary plan elements include:

Managing stormwater runoff—At 46th Street, the design drew inspiration from the area's historic water flows. Overlaying a

map of the former Mill Creek onto a map of current sewer lines revealed a number of locations where these two systems

overlap. Small rain gardens were designed to mark these moments and create new passive open spaces within the

community. Former "slack" space adjacent to the Temple Station was similarly reused to capture rainwater discharge

that emanates from nearby parking lots.

Integrating recreation space—The "superblock" north of the 46th Street Station deprives the area of any real connection

with the community. The plan proposes a new running track around the block, transforming unused and overgrown space

next to the sidewalk into an active recreation amenity. The 1-mile loop will serve two local schools, a recreation center

and provide a home for an anti-obesity program—Students Run Philly Style—which trains youth from low-income families

 for marathons.

Reimagining infrastructural elements—Adjacent to the Temple Station, the vacant and elevated rail viaduct was redesigned

 to accommodate a tree nursery that will serve as a productive landscape resource for future greening improvements in

the community. A run-down concrete stairwell provides the only means of access to 46th Street Station for a neighboring

 low-income population. The plan proposes removing this stairwell and reimagines a stronger, safer and more attractive

connection.

Enhancing connector streets—New tree planting will fill the voids along the barren blocks leading to the Temple Station.

 Striping brightly colored bicycle lanes to physically mark the passage to the station reinforces this intervention.

Creating civic space at the doorstep of each station—An extension of the plaza under the Temple Station is proposed to

accommodate new bicycle parking and a small café. At the 46th Street Station, a small linear park is proposed to establish

a diagonal connection to an adjacent major street while providing enhanced views and more direct pathways.

Implementation

The passage of the Transit Revitalization Investment District (TRID) Act in 2004 by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

enables cities to "capture the value" of increased tax revenues generated by the increase in private land values resulting

from new public investments around each station. Unlike many planning exercises that provide recommendations

without offering new financing strategies, the TRID planning study examined the potential financial impact and opportunity

of capturing tax revenue generated by incremental new development as identified in the planning process.

Completed in summer 2008, many of the TRID Master Plan's recommendations have already had a significant impact,

thanks in part to an inclusive planning process which brought the City, SEPTA and neighborhood groups to the table to

collectively craft the recommendations. Significant implementation activities include the recent award of a $1,000,000

Home Depot Foundation grant for community greening at the Temple Station; the award of $2,400,000 State of

Pennsylvania grant to improve sidewalk and bicycle infrastructure; the introduction to City Council of a new zoning overlay

district that will remove one of the barriers to developing around the stations; the recent agreement to redevelop a parking

 lot next to the Temple Station for new retail, student housing and open space; the agreement by SEPTA to reuse the vacant

rail viaduct for a tree nursery, and the formation of an "implementation committee" comprised of community organizations,

 LISC, City Council representatives, Temple University, private developers, the Philadelphia Green Program, SEPTA and

city agencies that meet monthly to coordinate and move planned improvements forward.

 
“這是一個寶貴的”教學“項目。足智多謀，創(chuàng)新，求實。通過嚴謹?shù)姆治?，實現(xiàn)復雜的解決方案。把大量信息有效過濾。具有足智多謀，創(chuàng)新性，實際的特點。非常明智。與絕大多數(shù)糟糕的交通研究相比，標準非常高。設計研究成果具有資源的有效性和創(chuàng)造性。圖紙看起來簡單，但產(chǎn)出很難。我們希望此規(guī)劃得以落實。這對于城市來講太迫切了，人口已經(jīng)流失。設計利用了城市現(xiàn)有的基礎設施。提高費城的人口密度是非常重要的。這是夢想。”
　　-2010專業(yè)獎評審委員會

 

盡管費城的交通系統(tǒng)規(guī)模在全美排名第五，但是很多站點沒有被充分利用并和相鄰的社區(qū)不連貫。TRID總體規(guī)劃是開創(chuàng)性的成果，融合大量的研究、公眾參與和設計，為的是應對依賴交通的發(fā)展的屏障和創(chuàng)造一個更加可持續(xù)的城市。該方案中的城市景觀改善計劃是通過兩個火車站打造全新的社區(qū)交界面、為社區(qū)綠化倡議提供新的機遇的重要手段。

美國的高速路系統(tǒng)的擴建使得公共交通的各方面（政策，資金，設計）都被忽略。公共導向發(fā)展是美國利用當?shù)亟煌ㄏ到y(tǒng)鼓勵發(fā)展的一種方式。它基于一個事實，車站周圍的人在這里呆的時間很長。因此需要減少汽車道路，改善環(huán)境，讓城市成為一個可持續(xù)系統(tǒng)。

 

雖然公共交通服務很好，但是費城的房產(chǎn)開發(fā)卻沒有利用這樣的基礎設施。很多車站周圍是空曠的，或者是停車場，或者就是與周圍街道紋理不符合的工業(yè)區(qū)用地。該規(guī)劃將具有很高可達性的未利用空地都高效的利用起來。

目前兩個大車站之間的環(huán)境正在惡化，導致經(jīng)濟增長和投資前景惡化。為此制定以下目標：
實現(xiàn)并提升費城可持續(xù)交通的目標和效果。
減少過境交通，增加自行車路和人行路。
重新利用過時的設施，賦予其新用途。
建立新的連接。
分階段分區(qū)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)，植入高密度和新公園空間。

 

研究與分析：
總體規(guī)劃主要涉及費城的兩個交通節(jié)點區(qū)域。
規(guī)劃的目的是要做一個為兩個區(qū)域服務的地區(qū)，加強聯(lián)系，共享公共區(qū)域，整合資源，共建未來。戰(zhàn)略研究在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量之間取得了一個謹慎的平衡。從初級數(shù)據(jù)中有效精準得出每個社區(qū)的特性，流量。研究小組開發(fā)出一個2分之一平方英里的GIS全面信息庫，用于這里社區(qū)情況的人口指標評估值。數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立依托在對各個信息的分析調(diào)查上，比如物業(yè)和商業(yè)的調(diào)查，樹木條件，人行道情況，汽車數(shù)量，以及交通和行人運動方式的分析。

同時團隊與社區(qū)人員的交流也使得數(shù)據(jù)具有高品質(zhì)，交流軼事，會議，個人敘述，以及進行采訪。公眾會議，訪談，焦點小組，讓當?shù)厝藗兒蛨鏊a(chǎn)生了特定的羈絆。

 

設計策略：
每個社區(qū)車站周圍的構(gòu)筑物品質(zhì)惡化到非常差的程度，人們一直認為這成為限制附近區(qū)域發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ淖璧K。在這樣的背景下，設計處理核心區(qū)域的辦法主要是激發(fā)其潛能而非強加。增加開放空間，改善街道設計和規(guī)劃，使得地區(qū)特色凸顯出來。其目的是希望在車站和周圍環(huán)境之間提供一個“接口”，形成一個渠道，并將重點放在社區(qū)的綠化環(huán)境，最終引來投資。
 

計劃包括
1 管理雨水徑流。46街的設計靈感就來自該地區(qū)歷史，這里以前有一條小溪，米爾。小雨花園就是為了紀念這一歷史而設，同時創(chuàng)造出了社區(qū)新的空間。以前的“蕭條”空間被用于滯留從停車場排過來的雨水。
2 之前46街北邊禁行車輛，與外界缺乏聯(lián)系。因此提出了新的規(guī)劃，將雜草叢生的閑置空間改頭換面。服務于一公里以內(nèi)的兩個當?shù)貙W校，娛樂中心，并造就了一個費城模式：為低收入家庭年輕人提供馬拉松機會。
3 重新想象一下，車站周圍的控制高架橋也被全新的設計了，被用做城市綠化資源性苗圃，一個破舊的樓梯通往46街車站，而新的設計則是一個安全，美好的入口。
4 加強街道之間的聯(lián)系，在貧瘠地禁行綠化。多條顏色鮮艷的自行車行駛提示帶加強了這種聯(lián)系。
5 車站周圍的廣場進行擴建，增加自行車廣場還有小咖啡館。還在46街站做了小的線性公園，并與相鄰的主要街道相聯(lián)系，提供更好的可達性。

 

 

1 城市結(jié)構(gòu)圖。左，46街站區(qū)域。中，Temple Regional站區(qū)域。右， 中心城市區(qū)域

 

 

2 兩個區(qū)域在費城的位置

 

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3 中轉(zhuǎn)站為導向的發(fā)展，對相關各站和公共領域的改善。

 

 

4 雨水徑流管理。以前河道與現(xiàn)在場地的關系。

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5 雨水徑流管理。45街和46街 的綠色通道是雨水花園。

 
6 雨水徑流管理，九街和諾里斯街被可能設置的雨水花園，彩色自行車道，還有標示改善。

 

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7 整合休閑空間。46街北跑道（46街站）毗鄰學校和農(nóng)場，非常理想的位置。

 

 8 整合休閑空間。48街北跑道（46街站）做成跑道的計劃。

 

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9  46街站附近的公寓景觀。

 

10 空地和高架橋被再利用做成社會資源性苗圃。

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11 Temple Regional 站的街道被加強聯(lián)系，樹木覆蓋率和街景將得到改觀。

 

12 Temple Regional 站的街道被加強聯(lián)系，街景改善以及創(chuàng)造一個讓人愉快的自行車行車道。

 

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13 46街站的公共空間概念圖，創(chuàng)造出聚會場所，并使到達站點更為舒適。

 

14  每個車站都有一些公共空間，設置可供行人的綠色屋頂，這屬于車站混合用途開發(fā)部分。

 

 

15 車站公共空間。