點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入“2010美國(guó)景觀設(shè)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)（ASLA）專業(yè)獎(jiǎng)”專題
“The concept is effective and comprehensive. It combines the sustainable resort and eco-tourism. As part of the ecotourism concept, it seems that they spoke to the people who live there and the solutions were developed from their culture, which is very important.”

—2010 Professional Awards Jury

 

Isla Palenque, a 434-acre Panamanian island, serves as a model for geo-responsible design practices throughout Central America, drawing upon natural, human-made and cultural patterns. The project preserves 85 percent of the island into a nature sanctuary, examines bioclimatic strategies for site-planning decisions, explores methods of agrotourism to decrease imports, and develops water and energy management plans that reduce dependency on nonrenewable resources. The project challenges existing governmental regulations, redefining regional development and conservation standards.

 

評(píng)語(yǔ)：“這個(gè)概念周全，有效。成功地結(jié)合可持續(xù)度假和生態(tài)旅游。作為生態(tài)旅游概念的一部分，它們與當(dāng)?shù)鼐用癞a(chǎn)生對(duì)話，并從他們的文化中到了解決方案，這是非常重要的。”

　　-2010專業(yè)獎(jiǎng)評(píng)審委員會(huì)

 

　　項(xiàng)目概述：Isla Palenque是一個(gè)面積為434英畝的巴拿馬海島，當(dāng)?shù)叵Ｍ麘{借自然、人工和文化力量，將此島建設(shè)成中美洲富有地域責(zé)任的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐案例。項(xiàng)目保存85%的土地規(guī)劃為自然保護(hù)區(qū)，通過(guò)考量當(dāng)?shù)厣?，氣候條件決定選址和規(guī)劃，通過(guò)農(nóng)業(yè)旅游業(yè)來(lái)減少進(jìn)口，通過(guò)水源、能源的發(fā)展減少對(duì)不可再生資源的依賴。此項(xiàng)目挑戰(zhàn)了現(xiàn)存的政府管制制度，重新定義了傳統(tǒng)區(qū)域發(fā)展的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Project Goals

Islands hold a special place in our collective unconscious—places of mystery, discovery, isolation, adventure and, occasionally, danger. The mainland is where ordinary life occurs, but islands are special. Perhaps it was these inherent qualities that spurred the client to take a big step toward a dream he first hatched in college. Isla Palenque serves as the client's first geotourism project, whose vision was to develop a model for sustainable island planning that expressed the place's true spirit, or genius loci. With loose development regulations throughout Central America, the vulnerability of many pristine sites has fallen to deforestation, out-of-scale development and traditional man-made recreational activities, all causing environmental repercussions. The landscape architect was instrumental in helping the client achieve his vision by synthesizing aspects of sustainability, ecotourism, conservation and education. The project goes beyond the aspects of ecotourism. The National Geographic Society defines geotourism as "tourism that sustains, or enhances, the geographical character of a place—its environment, culture, aesthetics, heritage, and the well-being of its residents." Like ecotourism, geotourism promotes a virtuous circle whereby tourism revenues provide a local incentive to protect what tourists are coming to see, but extends the principle beyond nature and ecology to incorporate all characteristics that contribute to sense of place, such as historic structures, living and traditional culture, landscapes, cuisine, arts and artisans, as well as local flora and fauna.

Context

Isla Palenque is an ecological "jewel" nestled amidst an archipelago of national marine parks. Adjacent to the Parque Nacional Marino Golfo de Chiriquí, the region has coaxed trailblazing nature lovers to the area for years. However, tourism-friendly laws and tax incentives have opened the floodgates for investment in Panama. Since 2004, tourism arrivals have more than doubled, while tourism-based revenue has more than tripled. Isla Palenque is home to a handful of distinct environmental systems, including endangered species of flora and fauna. Primary forests shelter once-active volcanic hills; mangroves and marshes reside in lowlands; and grasslands, deforested by historic livestock production, are scattered along the perimeter where exotic zebra-striped beaches lie.

Process

Developed in GIS, an ecozoning plan analyzes layers of environmental, social and economic conditions. However, it was multiple site visits with local environmental experts that provided the opportunity to investigate the island's spiritual quality. Each visit explored new parts of the island, offering the design team a fresh aspect. Interaction with the region's Ngobe-Bugle Indian tribe offered the team insight to cultural traditions, including patterns from their arts and crafts that influenced the project's architectural design. The design team drew upon these observations in order to develop a series of master plan conclusions related to coastal access, transportation, development, energy, open space and conservation. The coastal assessment identified two access points to the island. The deeper, north cove allows for a service marina, while the picturesque, east cove, welcomes guest arrival. Ridgelines are preserved and structures are nestled into the landscape to reduce visual impact. Development is concentrated on previously cleared areas along coastlines and facilitates passive ventilation. A centrally located service area, located on a flat area where the forest floor is relatively bare, is adequately screened. The island's fragile forests, lagoons and mangroves—

approximately 95 percent of the island—are preserved as a nature sanctuary for the public.

Isla Palenque also represents the first known project to gain approval for roadway-width reduction by Panama's Ministry of Housing. The island's intimate scale and varying topographic conditions supported the design team's vision for alternative transportation. In lieu of traditional vehicles—which would result in extensive grading—a fleet of smaller, electric cars would serve as the island's primary mode of transportation. Typical roadway widths are reduced by 50percent, decreasing site disturbance, emissions, construction cost and infrastructure needs.

Bioclimatic Design Strategies

Collaboration between the landscape architect and design team resulted in bioclimatic strategies that utilize the island's tropical climate to reduce energy needs. Strategies revolve around air movement, insulation, solar gain rejection and evaporative cooling. Building orientations are balanced perpendicular to the prevailing winds of dry and wet seasons. Landscape enhancements channel breezes into buildings elevated off the ground, allowing cross ventilation. In tropical environments, the east and west aspects receive the strongest sun at the lowest angle. Therefore, the design team orientated the short sides of buildings in these directions, positioning landscape to further shade. Exterior planted terraces replace paving to reduce ground temperatures. Bodies of water are placed immediately outside openings to pre-cool air entering the house. Rainwater harvesting techniques, including collection cisterns and towers, are celebrated and incorporated into the architecture and later reused in the landscape.

The architectural heritage of Panama is highlighted through the site planning of residential casitas, designed as a cluster of small buildings, imitating the form of nearby villages. Casitas, consisting of modular kit of parts, have the ability to be rearranged to preserve notable trees. The villagelike design enables the architecture to follow grade, with all rooms opening onto courtyards. Steep slopes and high canopy forests required the development of an alternative residential product design. Elevated canopy homes, connected by a series of raised boardwalks, preserve existing grade and vegetation. Ocean views project from the top floor, as the building approaches the canopy. Inverted roofs collect and divert water to cisterns.

Agrotourism and Education

The team recognized the constraint and expenses of importing food and building materials to the island and developed an agrotourism program that proposes three mitigating actions: an organic production orchard, an edible forest garden and the scattered plantings of fruit trees. The program was adapted to the local environment under the guidance of local farmers. Residents will grow much of their own produce in community gardens. Deforested lands are utilized for the growth of building materials, including palm leaves for thatch and bamboo for furnishings. Orchid and bromeliad specialty gardens offer public interest, planned in appropriate microclimates. Along the southern hammerhead where historic livestock activities once occurred, fruit trees will be planted and allowed to mature in order to screen future residential casitas. Until then, tree roots help stabilize the deforested land and provide produce for residents.

Socially conscious, the master plan fosters educational development to three user groups; local citizens,island guests and international academic institutions. First, education and quality of life will be improved for nearby Chiriquí citizens through professional development programs, housing and employment. Local artisan studios are integrated into the village. Interpretive trails and local guides help to educate visitors to the island's sustainable practices, flora and fauna, history, and local customs of the nearby Ngobe Bugle tribe. Finally, the island's agricultural focus presents opportunities for international exchange programs with university horticulture curricula. Students would be introduced to the practice of permaculture by restoring deforested areas, ultimately learning how agricultural systems relate to natural ecologies.

Environmental Sensitivity and Sustainability

Isla Palenque will serve as a model for ecoresponsible design and practices by taking a holistic approach to sustainability. Upon complete build out, less than 15 percent of the 434 acres will be built upon, including all buildings, roads and trails. Panamanian law requires 15 percent of all zoned land to be designated for park and open space purposes. The proposed plan exceeds this requirement by over 2300 percent, preserving 368 acres for the enjoyment of its visitors. A greenway circumnavigates the island, buffering views. Over six miles of nature trails extend into the island's interior, where bird-watching towers, interpretative trails and play areas created from natural materials found on the island replace any notion of traditional urban play structures. The synthesis of the island's environmental features creates an unparalleled recreational program.

95 percent of the planned development's energy needs is generated by on-site solar and wind power. Utilities, laid under roadways, further reduce the need to remove vegetation. Water collection systems reduce dependency for extracted water by collecting rainwater during the wet, summer season. Roadways consist of crushed volcanic rock, extracted from already deforested areas. Native plants will reduce dependency on irrigation during the wet season, while on-site wastewater treatment and cisterns provide irrigation during the dry season. Food waste is converted into compost, used later at the farm. Sustainability efforts are planned to culminate with the anticipation of third-party ecotourism programs and USGBC LEED® Platinum certifications for all public and residential buildings.

Future

The landscape architect facilitated a phased and flexible implementation over a 10-year period, looking holistically at development, circulation, energy, conservation and amenities. By introducing new prototypes to the market, the plan accommodates for market demand flexibility, ensuring an economically sustainable future. As the first ecotourism island destination in Panama's Chiriquí region, phase one of Isla Palenque is nearing the implementation stage, slated to open in 2012.

 

 

O項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)

  島嶼在我們大家的潛意識(shí)里是一個(gè)非常特別的地方，集神秘、發(fā)現(xiàn)、孤獨(dú)于一身，偶爾還帶有危險(xiǎn)性。大陸上是普通人生活的地方，但是島嶼非常特別?；蛟S是這些內(nèi)在的特性激發(fā)了客戶，讓他們敢于采取行動(dòng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己大學(xué)時(shí)代就已經(jīng)孕育的夢(mèng)想。巴拉馬成為客戶的第一個(gè)地質(zhì)旅游項(xiàng)目，其目的是為可持續(xù)的島嶼發(fā)展樹(shù)立一個(gè)模板，以期能表現(xiàn)出該地區(qū)的真正精神。由于整個(gè)中美洲實(shí)行的松散的發(fā)展規(guī)劃，很多原始遺址極易受到破壞，淪為森林砍伐、毫無(wú)節(jié)制的發(fā)展和傳統(tǒng)的人造娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)的犧牲品，所有這一切都對(duì)環(huán)境造成了不良影響。園林設(shè)計(jì)師可以通過(guò)整合可持續(xù)性、生態(tài)旅游、環(huán)境保護(hù)和教育等方面來(lái)幫助客戶實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢(mèng)想。這一項(xiàng)目遠(yuǎn)不止是為了生態(tài)旅游。美國(guó)國(guó)家地理協(xié)會(huì)給地質(zhì)旅游下的定義是“能夠維護(hù)或者增強(qiáng)一個(gè)地方的地理特征——它的環(huán)境、文化、美學(xué)、遺產(chǎn)以及其居民的康樂(lè)的旅游”。像生態(tài)旅游一樣，地質(zhì)旅游能夠促進(jìn)一個(gè)良性循環(huán)，借此，旅游的收益可以用來(lái)激勵(lì)當(dāng)?shù)厝吮Ｗo(hù)游客們想來(lái)看的東西，但同時(shí)也擴(kuò)展了超越自然和生態(tài)的原則，以便來(lái)綜合各種能夠提供地域感的特征比如歷史建筑、生活和傳統(tǒng)文化、風(fēng)景、烹飪、藝術(shù)和工匠以及當(dāng)?shù)氐膭?dòng)植物。

 

O環(huán)境

巴拉馬群島是一顆生態(tài)“寶石”，坐落在國(guó)家海洋公園的一處群島之中。它毗鄰奇里基海灣的國(guó)家海洋公園，多年來(lái)已經(jīng)吸引了具有開(kāi)拓性的自然熱愛(ài)者來(lái)到這里。然而，旅游友好型的法律和稅收鼓勵(lì)已經(jīng)為在巴拿馬投資打開(kāi)了大門。自2004年以來(lái)，來(lái)旅游的人增加了一倍，而旅游收益卻增加了兩倍。巴拉馬群島是一些獨(dú)特的環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的發(fā)源地，包括瀕危動(dòng)植物物種。原始森林覆蓋著曾經(jīng)活躍的火山；紅樹(shù)林和濕地坐落在低矮的地域；歷史上被牲畜破壞的森林而形成的草地散落在群島周圍，這里有著奇異的斑馬紋狀的海灘。

過(guò)程

   基于地理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，一項(xiàng)生態(tài)規(guī)劃計(jì)劃分析了這里多層次的環(huán)境、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)條件。然而，是當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境專家們對(duì)此地進(jìn)行的多次拜訪為考察這個(gè)島嶼的精神特質(zhì)提供了機(jī)會(huì)。每次考察都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)該島嶼的一些新領(lǐng)域，為設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)提供了一個(gè)全新的視角。與該地區(qū)Ngobe-bugle印第安部落的交流互動(dòng)為設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)提供了對(duì)文化傳統(tǒng)的洞察力，包括他們的工藝品的圖案，這些都對(duì)該項(xiàng)目的建筑設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)生了影響。設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)把觀察到的這些進(jìn)行了匯總，以便繪制一系列的最終藍(lán)圖，這些藍(lán)圖與沿海入口、交通、發(fā)展、能源、開(kāi)放空間和環(huán)境保護(hù)息息相關(guān)。對(duì)沿海的評(píng)估確定了兩條通往該島嶼的路徑。較深的北部海灣能夠容納一個(gè)服務(wù)用的碼頭，而風(fēng)景如畫的東部海灣可用來(lái)歡迎到來(lái)的游客。屋脊被予以保留，建筑隱藏于風(fēng)景之中以便減少視覺(jué)上的影響。該島嶼的發(fā)展重點(diǎn)是海岸線上之前的空白區(qū)域，以促進(jìn)被動(dòng)通風(fēng)。一個(gè)位于中心地帶的服務(wù)區(qū)被恰當(dāng)?shù)禺嫷搅似矫鎴D上，這個(gè)服務(wù)區(qū)坐落在一個(gè)平坦的區(qū)域，這里的森林地被非常貧瘠。該島嶼脆弱的森林、環(huán)礁湖和紅樹(shù)林——大概占該島的95%——被予以保留，成為公眾的一處自然避難所。

  巴拉馬群島也是目前第一個(gè)獲得巴拿馬住房部同意的減少路面寬度的項(xiàng)目。該島緊密的規(guī)模和多變的地形條件為設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)要實(shí)現(xiàn)替代交通的夢(mèng)想提供了支持。要替代傳統(tǒng)的交通工具——這會(huì)導(dǎo)致大范圍的坡度緩和工作——一隊(duì)較小的電車將被用做該島主要的交通工具。典型的道路寬度被縮減了50%，減少了建筑物的干擾、排放物、建造成本和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施需求。

 

O生物氣候設(shè)計(jì)戰(zhàn)略

 園林設(shè)計(jì)師和設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)之間的合作催生了生物氣候戰(zhàn)略，即利用該島的熱帶氣候來(lái)減少能源需求。該戰(zhàn)略圍繞空氣流動(dòng)、隔離、拒絕吸收日光和蒸發(fā)式冷卻進(jìn)行。建造方向?qū)⑴c干季和濕季盛行的風(fēng)保持垂直，并使之保持平衡。該島的自然景觀促使來(lái)自海灣的微風(fēng)吹進(jìn)地勢(shì)較高的建筑物里面，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)流通風(fēng)。在熱帶環(huán)境下，東面和西面在最低的角度下可以接受最強(qiáng)的光照。因此，設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)將建筑物較矮的一側(cè)移向這些方位，把自然景觀進(jìn)一步推后。外部種植的梯田替代了塊石路面，以此來(lái)減少地表溫度。很多蓄水池立即被放置在了外面的空地上，來(lái)預(yù)先冷卻進(jìn)入房子里的空氣。雨水收集技術(shù)，包括蓄水箱和水塔，被融進(jìn)了建筑物里，之后在自然景觀中被再次利用。

在該島的民用小屋的規(guī)劃過(guò)程中，巴拿馬的建筑遺產(chǎn)被發(fā)揮到了極致。這些房子模仿附近村子的形式，被設(shè)計(jì)成了較小的建筑群。這些小屋是由模塊化的部分構(gòu)成的，它們能夠被重新安排以便保護(hù)那些著名的樹(shù)木。村落式的設(shè)計(jì)使得建筑式樣能夠跟上檔次，所有的房間都面向庭院敞開(kāi)。陡峭的斜坡和高大的穹廬般的森林需要開(kāi)發(fā)一種住宅替代品。由一系列吊起來(lái)的木板路連接起來(lái)的地勢(shì)較高的蒼穹式房屋可以保存現(xiàn)存的等級(jí)和植被。從頂層可以觀看到海邊的景色，因?yàn)榻ㄖ锝咏n穹。倒置的屋頂收集并把水轉(zhuǎn)移到蓄水池里。

 

O農(nóng)業(yè)旅游和教育

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)識(shí)到了從外界進(jìn)口食物和建筑材料到島上存在的局限和代價(jià)，于是開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)旅游項(xiàng)目，提出了三項(xiàng)緩和措施：一個(gè)有機(jī)產(chǎn)品果園，一個(gè)可食用的森林花園以及大量種植果樹(shù)。在當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民的指導(dǎo)下，這一項(xiàng)目適應(yīng)了當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境。居民們將在社區(qū)的花園里大量種植自己的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。森林被砍伐的土地被用來(lái)種植建筑用的材料，包括用來(lái)蓋屋頂?shù)淖貦皹?shù)葉和家居裝修用的竹子。果園和種植鳳梨的專門花園引起了公眾的興趣，計(jì)劃將在適宜的小氣候中進(jìn)行。該島南部的垂頭狀部位曾是歷史上飼養(yǎng)牲畜的地方，這里將會(huì)種植果樹(shù)，并讓它們長(zhǎng)大以便用來(lái)遮掩未來(lái)的居民小屋。到那時(shí)候，樹(shù)根會(huì)幫助穩(wěn)固被砍掉森林的土地，并為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裉峁┺r(nóng)產(chǎn)品。

該藍(lán)圖還有很強(qiáng)的社會(huì)意識(shí)，它把教育開(kāi)發(fā)的培育分為三個(gè)使用者群體：當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?，島上的來(lái)客和國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)。首先，通過(guò)專業(yè)的發(fā)展項(xiàng)目、住房和雇用員工，奇里基市民的教育和生活質(zhì)量將被提高和改善。當(dāng)?shù)氐墓そ匙鞣粚⒈徽系酱遄永锩?，帶有解釋功能的小路和?dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游將幫助游客們認(rèn)識(shí)島上可持續(xù)性的做法以及動(dòng)植物、歷史和附近Ngobe Bugle部落的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。最后，該島上的農(nóng)業(yè)中心為與大學(xué)的園藝課程進(jìn)行國(guó)際交流項(xiàng)目提供了機(jī)會(huì)。通過(guò)復(fù)原森林遭砍伐的區(qū)域來(lái)進(jìn)行永久培養(yǎng)的做法將被介紹給學(xué)生們，使他們最終明白農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)是如何與自然生態(tài)環(huán)境相關(guān)聯(lián)的。

 

O環(huán)境敏感性和可持續(xù)性

通過(guò)采取一種整體措施來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)性，巴拉馬群島將會(huì)成為對(duì)生態(tài)負(fù)責(zé)的設(shè)計(jì)和做法的典范。等擴(kuò)建完全建好之后，434英畝的土地中有不到15%將被用來(lái)進(jìn)行建筑施工，包括房屋、公路和小徑。巴拿馬的法律要求所有被劃定的區(qū)域中的15%可以用來(lái)建造公園和露天場(chǎng)所。擬好的計(jì)劃超出了這項(xiàng)要求的2300%還多，留出了368英畝的地方來(lái)供游客們娛樂(lè)。一條林蔭大道環(huán)繞著該島。超過(guò)6英里的自然小路延伸進(jìn)該島的內(nèi)部，在這里有觀鳥塔、具有解釋功能的小路和娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所，這些都是用在島上發(fā)現(xiàn)的天然材料建成的，這一切取代了任何一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的城市娛樂(lè)設(shè)施的架構(gòu)概念。對(duì)島上環(huán)境特點(diǎn)的綜合運(yùn)用產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)無(wú)與倫比的娛樂(lè)項(xiàng)目。

擬定的發(fā)展規(guī)劃的能源需求中有95%是由現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能來(lái)產(chǎn)生的。被放置在道路底下的公共設(shè)施會(huì)進(jìn)一步減少移動(dòng)植被的需要。采集水的系統(tǒng)減少了對(duì)通過(guò)在潮濕的夏季收集雨水來(lái)提取水的依賴性。道路是用粉碎了的火山巖石鋪成的，是從早已遭砍伐的地方提煉出來(lái)的。在雨季，本地生植物將減少對(duì)灌溉的依賴性，而現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的廢水處理和蓄水池會(huì)在旱季里為它們提供灌溉。廢掉的食物將被轉(zhuǎn)化成混合肥料，之后被用在農(nóng)田里。隨著第三方生態(tài)旅游項(xiàng)目的可能加入以及可能獲得美國(guó)綠色建筑協(xié)會(huì)的LEED認(rèn)證（該認(rèn)證適用于所有公共建筑和居住建筑），可持續(xù)發(fā)展的努力將被達(dá)到頂峰。

未來(lái)

   園林設(shè)計(jì)師一直分階段地靈活促進(jìn)著這項(xiàng)為期10年的計(jì)劃的實(shí)施，以歷史的眼光關(guān)注著發(fā)展、循環(huán)、能源、保護(hù)和舒適。通過(guò)把新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)引入市場(chǎng)，該計(jì)劃會(huì)隨著市場(chǎng)需求靈活調(diào)整，這就保證了會(huì)有一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)上可持續(xù)的未來(lái)。作為巴拿馬奇里基地區(qū)第一個(gè)生態(tài)旅游島嶼，巴拉馬的第一期工程已接近實(shí)施階段，定于2012年開(kāi)始動(dòng)工。

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1 .Isla Palenque, a 434-acre island off Panama’s Pacific coastline, will serve as a model for geo-responsible design and practices throughout Central America by drawing upon the natural, human-made, historical and cultural patterns of the region.

 

Isla Palenque是一個(gè)面積為434英畝的巴拿馬海島，當(dāng)?shù)叵Ｍ麘{借自然、人工和文化力量，將此島建設(shè)成中美洲富有地域責(zé)任的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐案例。

 

 

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2 Context. The island is only accessible by boat, either from David or the fishing village of Boca Chica. Recent improvements to the notable Pan-American Highway and David International Airport have made the Chiriquí region a highly desired destination for international tourists.

 

無(wú)論從哪，到達(dá)島上只能靠小船。最近修的國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)和公路已經(jīng)顯著改善這一區(qū)域情況，使其成為國(guó)際旅客非常理想的目的地。

 

 

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3  Effects of Deforestation. Nearly one-quarter of Isla Palenque has witnessed the devastating effects of deforestation, an industry which has significantly harmed Panama's ecosystems. The master plan reestablishes the island's environmental integrity, rehabilitating damaged landscapes for future generations to enjoy.

 

森林砍伐的影響。這是最近一季度島上砍伐森林所造成的破壞性影響，巴拉馬產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)鏈嚴(yán)重受挫?？傮w規(guī)劃重新建立島內(nèi)環(huán)境的完整性，回復(fù)受損景觀，澤被后世。

 

 

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4  The master plan reestablishes the island's environmental integrity, rehabilitating damaged landscapes for future generations to enjoy. Distinct ecosystems provided insight to the island's ecological framework.

 

生態(tài)系統(tǒng)分析。在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)對(duì)19個(gè)島嶼和25個(gè)珊瑚礁進(jìn)行采樣，這里海陸生物異常多樣化。非凡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)成為島上生態(tài)框架。

 

 

 

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5  Solar Analysis. The process began with an in-depth analysis of environmental, social and economic conditions to create an ecozoning plan. In particular, understanding the site's solar-orientation patterns enabled the team to site architectural elements based on notable views and daylighting opportunities.

 

太陽(yáng)能分析。基于對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的考慮而深入分析環(huán)境。了解場(chǎng)地太陽(yáng)照射模式后，為建筑設(shè)計(jì)打下了基礎(chǔ)。

 

 

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6  Conclusions from Analysis. From the analysis, the team extracted principle conclusions for multiple categories that were later incorporated into the master plan. Preserving the island's environmental integrity took on the highest priority, limiting developing to only 15percent of the island's coverage.

 

經(jīng)分析，研究小組指定多個(gè)類別的氣話，其中島上的環(huán)境完整性最優(yōu)先，只有15%的區(qū)域可以建設(shè)。

 

 

 

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7  Bioclimatic Design Strategies. Collaboration between the landscape architect and design team resulted in bioclimatic strategies that utilize the island's tropical climate to reduce energy needs. trategies revolve around air movement, insulation, solar gain rejection and evaporative cooling; aligning the vision of all disciplines.

 

生物氣候策略。景觀設(shè)計(jì)師和整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)共同制定升武器后戰(zhàn)略，利用當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)釒夂驕p少對(duì)能源的需求?？茖W(xué)的利用空氣流動(dòng)，保溫，太陽(yáng)能增益及蒸發(fā)冷卻。

 

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8  Conclusions from Analysis. Under current Panamanian law, 15 percent of the 66 developed acres [which equates to 16 acres] must be reserved for public parkland. The master plan doubles this requirement and goes beyond to preserve 336 additional acres in conservation.

 

結(jié)論：巴拿馬的法律要求所有被劃定的區(qū)域中的66個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)區(qū)的15%，大約16英畝用于公共綠地。擬好的計(jì)劃超出了這項(xiàng)要求，超出了336英畝。

 

 

 

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9 Conservation Framework. The master plan for Isla Palenque proposes a framework for the conservation of the island’s environmental systems.

 

保護(hù)框架。總體規(guī)劃為島嶼提出了一個(gè)系統(tǒng)框架，保護(hù)島嶼環(huán)境。

 

 

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10 grotourism Strategies for Deforested Lands. Farm production established in areas of historically deforested areas is adapted to the various microclimates. Solar aspect, slope, salt exposure and bedrock depth were strong factors for consideration of production farm locations.

 

農(nóng)業(yè)旅游區(qū)的選擇在森林砍伐區(qū)，綜合考慮了各種微氣候，光照，坡度，鹽堿度，土壤肥力，厚度等各種影響生產(chǎn)的要素。

 

 

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11  Enhancement of Living Zone. Recognizing the constraint and expense of importing building material and food, an extensive agrotourism program identifies opportunities for edible forest gardens. Gardens aim to foster educational development to three user groups: local Chiriquí citizens, island guests and international permaculture programs.

 

生活緩沖區(qū)：設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)識(shí)到了從外界進(jìn)口食物和建筑材料到島上存在的局限和代價(jià)，于是開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)森林中的農(nóng)業(yè)旅游項(xiàng)目。教育開(kāi)發(fā)針對(duì)三個(gè)使用者群體：當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?，島上的來(lái)客和國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)。

 

 

 

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12 Conclusions from Analysis. A comprehensive water and energy budget was developed for each project phase, comparing typical versus efficient demand to reduce dependency on utility services. 95 percent of projected energy needs will be generated by on-site solar and wind power.

 

在項(xiàng)目的每個(gè)階段都考慮水和能源的利用率，減少對(duì)工具的依賴，場(chǎng)地中95%的能源都將通過(guò)太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能生產(chǎn)。

 

 

 

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13  Geotourism Planning. Envisioned a "geotourism" destination, Isla Palenque will engage travelers in historical, archeological, architectural, natural and cultural experiences. Designers aimed to create a holistic experience that focuses on the “place as a whole.”

 

地質(zhì)旅游規(guī)劃。設(shè)立地址旅游目標(biāo)，使游客得到歷史，考古，建筑，自然，文化方面的體驗(yàn)，這個(gè)整體觀感是設(shè)計(jì)師“著眼于宏觀”而力求創(chuàng)造的。

 

 

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14  Vernacular Precedent. A photographic essay, documented over multiple site visits, influenced proposed site planning and design vocabularies.

 

前述的鄉(xiāng)音。一個(gè)攝影文章，記錄訪問(wèn)多個(gè)地點(diǎn)，并影響到后來(lái)的選址和設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)匯。

 

15  Vernacular Precedent. Striving to honor the land and Panamanian culture; architectural patterns and forms take their cues from the region’s cultural, natural conditions and historical past.

 

前述的鄉(xiāng)音。尊重巴拉馬土地和文化，建筑的格局和形式傳承歷史延續(xù)文化，符合自然條件。

 

 

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16 Site Planning in Response to Topography. Nestled into the jungle landscape, canopy homes were envisioned as light and airy structures elevated above the ground, responding to the given landform. om their lifted position, structures capture tradewinds and ocean views without compromising the integrity of the natural landscape.

 

響應(yīng)場(chǎng)地的設(shè)計(jì)。構(gòu)筑成為景觀的一部分，高架起來(lái)以便通風(fēng)，并克服地形，屋頂像樹(shù)冠一樣耀眼。所在位置恰到好處的捕捉大海過(guò)來(lái)的風(fēng)，又保證不被風(fēng)暴傷害。

 

 

 

 

17  East Cove Lodge. Rather than the traditional resort environment where guests have an isolated experience, the design and program facilitates a sense of community by providing centrally located open spaces and a Panamanian-inspired lodge where guests interact with skilled artisans and enjoy island-grown foods.

 

東灣別墅，非傳統(tǒng)的度假環(huán)境，給客人一個(gè)不一樣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)劃促進(jìn)了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐓^(qū)意識(shí)，提供位于最集中的休憩用地，當(dāng)?shù)厝藶榭腿藡故旆?wù)的，還能享受當(dāng)?shù)胤?wù)。